Measures of capacity in the Bible
Grain was measured by the ephah and the homer, oil and wine by the bath and the hin; the ephah and the bath are the same size. The New Testament adds the Greek and Roman measures: the choinix, the modius and the metretes.
변환기
Capacity
| 단위 | 환산 | 크기 | 성경 구절 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ephah
구
אֵיפָה eyfah
The basic dry measure, equal to the liquid bath. About 22 l by jars marked «bath»; Josephus gives a larger value, about 39 l.
|
≈ 21–40 L 보통 22 L
[1][2]
|
출애굽기 16:36, 룻기 2:17, 에스겔서 45:11 | |
|
Bath
구
בַּת bat
The basic liquid measure, equal to the ephah (Ezekiel 45:11).
|
= 1 × Ephah |
≈ 21–40 L 보통 22 L
|
열왕기상 7:26, 이사야서 5:10, 에스겔서 45:14 |
|
Homer
구
חֹמֶר homer
Ten ephahs, a donkey's load.
|
= 10 × Ephah |
≈ 210–400 L 보통 220 L
|
레위기 27:16, 에스겔서 45:11, 호세아서 3:2 |
|
Kor
구
כֹּר kor
Equal to the homer, ten baths (Ezekiel 45:14).
|
= 1 × Homer |
≈ 210–400 L 보통 220 L
|
에스겔서 45:14, 에스라기 7:22 |
|
Lethek
구
לֶתֶךְ letekh
Traditionally half a homer; the word occurs once.
|
≈ 1/2 × Homer |
≈ 105–200 L 보통 110 L
|
호세아서 3:2 |
|
Seah
구
סְאָה seah
A third of an ephah.
|
= 1/3 × Ephah |
≈ 7–13.3 L 보통 7.33 L
|
창세기 18:6, 사무엘기상 25:18, 열왕기하 7:1 |
|
Omer
구
עֹמֶר omer
A tenth of an ephah, the daily portion of manna for one person.
|
= 1/10 × Ephah |
≈ 2.1–4 L 보통 2.2 L
|
출애굽기 16:16, 출애굽기 16:36 |
|
Tenth deal
구
עִשָּׂרוֹן issaron
A tenth of an ephah, the measure of flour for offerings; the same amount as the omer.
|
= 1/10 × Ephah |
≈ 2.1–4 L 보통 2.2 L
|
출애굽기 29:40, 민수기 15:4 |
|
Kab
구
קַב qav
A sixth of a seah, about 1.2 l.
|
= 1/6 × Seah |
≈ 1.17–2.22 L 보통 1.22 L
|
열왕기하 6:25 |
|
Hin
구
הִין hin
A sixth of a bath, the measure of wine and oil for offerings.
|
= 1/6 × Bath |
≈ 3.5–6.67 L 보통 3.67 L
|
출애굽기 29:40, 에스겔서 45:24 |
|
Log
구
לֹג log
The smallest liquid measure, a twelfth of a hin, about 0.3 l.
|
= 1/12 × Hin |
≈ 0.292–0.556 L 보통 0.306 L
|
레위기 14:10 |
|
Pot (xestes)
신
ξέστης xestēs
The Roman sextarius, about half a litre; also a jug of that size.
|
≈ 0.5–0.55 L 보통 0.54 L
[1]
|
마가복음 7:4 | |
|
Choinix
신
χοῖνιξ choinix
Two xestai, about a litre of grain, a day's ration for a man.
|
= 2 × Pot (xestes) |
≈ 1–1.1 L 보통 1.08 L
|
요한계시록 6:6 |
|
Bushel (modios)
신
μόδιος modios
The Roman modius of sixteen sextarii, about 8.7 l; the «bushel» under which no one puts a lamp.
|
= 16 × Pot (xestes) |
≈ 8–8.8 L 보통 8.64 L
|
마태복음 5:15, 마가복음 4:21, 누가복음 11:33 |
|
Measure (metretes)
신
μετρητής metrētēs
The Attic liquid measure of 72 xestai, about 39 l.
|
= 72 × Pot (xestes) |
≈ 36–39.6 L 보통 38.9 L
|
요한복음 2:6 |
|
Measure (saton)
신
σάτον saton
The Hebrew seah in Greek form.
|
= 1 × Seah |
≈ 7–13.3 L 보통 7.33 L
|
마태복음 13:33, 누가복음 13:21 |
|
Measure (batos)
신
βάτος batos
The Hebrew bath in Greek form, a measure of oil.
|
= 1 × Bath |
≈ 21–40 L 보통 22 L
|
누가복음 16:6 |
|
Measure (koros)
신
κόρος koros
The Hebrew kor in Greek form, a measure of wheat.
|
= 1 × Kor |
≈ 210–400 L 보통 220 L
|
누가복음 16:7 |
성경 속 금액과 도량형
| 본문 | 성경 구절 | 수량 | 환산값 |
|---|---|---|---|
| An omer of manna for each person | 출애굽기 16:16 | 1 × Omer | ≈ 2.1–4 L |
| Ruth's ephah of barley | 룻기 2:17 | 1 × Ephah | ≈ 21–40 L |
| A quarter of a kab in the siege of Samaria | 열왕기하 6:25 | 1/4 × Kab | ≈ 0.292–0.556 L |
| The bronze sea | 열왕기상 7:26 | 2 000 × Bath | ≈ 42 000–80 000 L |
| The water jars at Cana, two or three measures each | 요한복음 2:6 | 2 × Measure (metretes) | ≈ 72–79.2 L |
| Leaven in three measures of flour | 마태복음 13:33 | 3 × Measure (saton) | ≈ 21–40 L |
| A hundred measures of oil | 누가복음 16:6 | 100 × Measure (batos) | ≈ 2 100–4 000 L |
| A hundred measures of wheat | 누가복음 16:7 | 100 × Measure (koros) | ≈ 21 000–40 000 L |
출처
- Marvin A. Powell. Weights and Measures // The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday, 1992
- R. B. Y. Scott. Weights and Measures of the Bible // The Biblical Archaeologist 22, no. 2 (1959)